Ergonomics (human factors) is the science of fitting the job to the worker rather than forcing the worker to adapt to the job. It addresses posture, reach, force, repetition, and environment to prevent musculoskeletal disorders and reduce fatigue-driven error.
Good ergonomics is both a safety and a productivity lever — it reduces muri (overburden) and is a core consideration when designing standard work and work cells. Assessment tools include RULA, REBA, and the NIOSH lifting equation.